How antibiotics work?
How antibiotics work?
Why antibiotic that inhibit the bacterial cell protein synthesis shows minimum effect to the human?
Antibiotics
In order to be useful in treating human infections, antibiotics must selectively target bacteria for eradication and not the cells of its human host. Indeed, modern antibiotics act either on processes that are unique to bacteria--such as the synthesis of cell walls or folic acid--or on bacterium-specific targets within processes that are common to both bacterium and human cells, including protein or DNA replication. Following are some examples.
1.Penicillin:
Most bacteria produce a cell wall that is composed partly of a macromolecule called peptidoglycan. Human cells do not make or need peptidoglycan. Penicillin, one of the first antibiotics to be used widely, prevents the process of formation of peptidoglycan.
As a result the cell wall does not form on the bacteria due to lack in peptidoglycan and the bacteria stops their growth.
Q.Why antibiotic that inhibit the bacterial cell protein synthesis shows minimum effect to the human?
No harm comes to the human host because human cells do not form the cell wall or peptidoglycan.
2.Tetracycline:
Both bacteria and humans carry out protein synthesis on structures called ribosomes. Tetracycline can cross the membranes of bacteria and accumulate in high concentrations in the cytoplasm but cannot pass the membrane of human cells.
Q.Why antibiotic that inhibit the bacterial cell protein synthesis shows minimum effect to the human?
Tetracycline then binds to a single site on the ribosome--the 30S (smaller) ribosomal subunit--and blocks a key RNA interaction, which shuts off the lengthening protein chain. In human cells, however, tetracycline does not accumulate in sufficient concentrations to stop protein synthesis.
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| Why antibiotic that inhibit the bacterial cell protein synthesis shows minimum effect to the human? |
Antibiotics
In order to be useful in treating human infections, antibiotics must selectively target bacteria for eradication and not the cells of its human host. Indeed, modern antibiotics act either on processes that are unique to bacteria--such as the synthesis of cell walls or folic acid--or on bacterium-specific targets within processes that are common to both bacterium and human cells, including protein or DNA replication. Following are some examples.
1.Penicillin:
Most bacteria produce a cell wall that is composed partly of a macromolecule called peptidoglycan. Human cells do not make or need peptidoglycan. Penicillin, one of the first antibiotics to be used widely, prevents the process of formation of peptidoglycan.
As a result the cell wall does not form on the bacteria due to lack in peptidoglycan and the bacteria stops their growth.
Q.Why antibiotic that inhibit the bacterial cell protein synthesis shows minimum effect to the human?
No harm comes to the human host because human cells do not form the cell wall or peptidoglycan.
2.Tetracycline:
Both bacteria and humans carry out protein synthesis on structures called ribosomes. Tetracycline can cross the membranes of bacteria and accumulate in high concentrations in the cytoplasm but cannot pass the membrane of human cells.
Q.Why antibiotic that inhibit the bacterial cell protein synthesis shows minimum effect to the human?
Tetracycline then binds to a single site on the ribosome--the 30S (smaller) ribosomal subunit--and blocks a key RNA interaction, which shuts off the lengthening protein chain. In human cells, however, tetracycline does not accumulate in sufficient concentrations to stop protein synthesis.
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